Teacher factors encompass the teachers’ cognitive and affective characteristics that are likely to affect their instructional efficacy. Language teacher immunity is one of the affective factors that determines the teachers’ psychological well-being in their settings. The present study strived to itemize the factors in novice and experienced EFL instructors’ teacher immunity philosophy. To this end, first, the researchers used convenience sampling for selecting 62 EFL teachers including 38 novice and 24 experienced teachers at ten prominent language institutes in Tabriz (Iran) as the participants. Second, they conducted 30-minute interviews with the participants for determining the factors that influenced their TI philosophy using a researcher-developed semi-structured interview protocol. Lastly, they used thematic analysis in order to particularize the main factors in their teacher immunity philosophy. The findings of the study indicated that while the novice teachers considered external support as the main factor in their philosophy, the experienced teachers regarded their internal strength as the decisive factor that influenced their teacher immunity philosophy. The findings may have practical implications for teacher education courses in foreign language contexts.

In this study, the immunostimulatory effect of dietary Aloe vera crude extract was investigated in Cyprinus carpio. Three hundred fish were randomly divided into four groups. The first group was immunized with Aeromonas hydrophila bacterin (A.h) and was fed a diet contained 0.5% Aloe vera. The second group was immunized with A.h and fed a diet without Aloe vera. The third group was not immunized and fed with a diet that contained 0.5% Aloe vera. The fourth group remained as the control group and was neither immunized nor fed with Aloe vera supplements. Blood samples were taken every 14 d for eight weeks and samples were analyzed for hematological and immunological parameters. White blood count (WBC), red blood count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), lysozyme activity, serum bactericidal activity, complement activity, total protein, IgM concentration and specific A. hydrophila antibody were assessed. At the end of treatment, 20 fish from each group were challenged with A. hydrophila. WBC value, antibody level, lysozyme and bactericidal activity were significantly increased in the serum of fish treated with Aloe vera (p<0.05). No significant differences were seen in the RBC, PCV or complement activity among the groups. The relative percent survival (RPS) was found to be increased in fish fed with Aloe vera. This study indicates that the oral administration of Aloe vera is able to enhance some specific and non-specific immune responses in the common carp.

The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of different levels of olive leaf polyphenol (POL) on salmon. The rainbow is Oncorhynchus mykiss. Number of 120 pieces of fish with an average weight of 6.5 ± 0.1 grams were randomly divided into four treatments with three replications in 100 liter storage tanks and with four diets containing zero, 0.5, 1 and 2 grams (POL) per kilogram. The food was fed for 8 weeks. At the end of the period, growth factors, non-specific immune indices of mucus and serum and the relative expression of immune genes were investigated. Investigation of serum safety indicators, blood sampling from the caudal stem of the treatments was done completely randomly. To measure mucus safety indicators, sampling and collection of mucus from all treatments was done completely randomly. Relative expression of immune genes was investigated from sampled intestinal tissues. The obtained results showed the improvement of growth indices in fish fed with three different levels (POL). In terms of non-specific immunity, the results showed an increase in total serum and mucus immunoglobulin in the groups fed with a diet containing 1, 2 g/kg (POL) (P<0.05). The amount of lysozyme activity of total serum and mucus was also affected by (POL) and fish fed with 1 and 2 grams of (POL) showed a significant increase (P<0.05). The relative expression of the immune gene was also affected by feeding with the above supplement in the mentioned treatments (P<0.05). The highest relative expression of the interleukin gene was obtained in the treatment of 2 g/kg and tumor necrosis factor in the treatment of 1 g/kg (POL). Consumption of 2 g/kg olive leaf polyphenol supplement can have a favorable effect on the growth and rearing quality of trout fry.

The present study was conducted to compare the growth, nonspecific immunity systems and stress of Oncorhynchus mykiss in three concrete agricultural water storage ponds, consisted rectangular (Treatment 1), round (Treatment 2), and octagonal (Treatment 3) shapes in a trout farm. Density of 20 fish/m3 (3 repetitions) and water flow D.B of 2.5 lit/sec, were run for each experimental unite and fish cultured for 5 months. According to the results, higher dissolved oxygen and reduction in sludge and NH3 production recorded in water in treatment 3 compared to other treatments (p≤0.05). The highest and lowest final individual weight measured in treatment 3 (434.21±22.16 g) and treatment 1 (349.41±18.91 g), respectively (p≤0.05). The values of RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH and MCHC were not significantly different among treatments (p≥0.05). The highest and lowest levels of stress indicators (glucose and cortisol) and nonspecific immune systems of fish (number and differential percentage of WBC, plasma complement activity, immunoglobulin, total protein and serum lysozyme) belonged to treatments 1 and 3, respectively (p≤0.05). The results showed that, treatment 3 has better self-purification status than the other treatments, and has a positive and significant effect on growth, nonspecific immune systems and stress in rainbow trout. Therefore, using rectangular shape of pond for culture of trout can be promoted among the farmers of Sistan region in the direction of resistance economy and more economical production.

Pheochromocytomas have been described to be associated with rare vascular abnormalities, most common of them being renal artery stenosis. A 40-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with the complaints of headache, sweating, anxiety, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and severe hypertension. Examination revealed absent carotid and upper-limb pulses with an intact lower-limb pulse. Abdominal computed tomography revealed the presence of a left adrenal pheochromocytoma. An aortogram showed total occlusion of the aortic arch arteries. the Pheochromocytoma was surgically removed, and the patient was then administered steroid treatment for arteritis. To the best of our knowledge, the occurrence of pheochromocytoma along with aortoarteritis has not been reported thus far. The possible mechanisms underlying such an involvement have been discussed in this study.

Specific immunity decrease in pregnancy, but nonspecific does not increase. The decreasing of specific immunity more takes place in primary stage of pregnancy while it will be normal at the end stage. These changes do not clear in nonspecific immunity (such as phagocytosis). The studies consist of 45 samples (45 pregnant individuals: 15 in first, 15 in second and 15 in third trimester) and 20 control (nonpregnant individuals). The power of neutrophils in killing of pathogens, producing oxidant materials and light emission measured by a luminometer(chemiluminescence technique). Opsonised yeast stimulated the neutrophils.Results: Phagocytosis increase in first and second trimester, but does not increased in third trimester (p<0.05).